Convert piconewton to gram-force
Please provide values below to convert piconewton [pN] to gram-force [gf], or Convert gram-force to piconewton.
How to Convert Piconewton to Gram-Force
1 pN = 1.01971621297793e-10 gf
Example: convert 15 pN to gf:
15 pN = 15 × 1.01971621297793e-10 gf = 1.52957431946689e-09 gf
Piconewton to Gram-Force Conversion Table
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Piconewton
A piconewton (pN) is a unit of force equal to one trillionth (10^-12) of a newton.
History/Origin
The piconewton was introduced as part of the SI prefixes to measure very small forces, especially in fields like biophysics and nanotechnology, where forces at the molecular or atomic scale are relevant.
Current Use
The piconewton is commonly used in scientific research to quantify tiny forces, such as those exerted by molecular motors, DNA stretching experiments, and nanoscale measurements.
Gram-Force
Gram-force (gf) is a unit of force defined as the force exerted by one gram of mass in standard gravity, approximately equal to 0.00980665 newtons.
History/Origin
The gram-force originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as part of the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system of units, used to express forces in terms of grams and centimeters. It was commonly used in physics and engineering before the adoption of the SI system.
Current Use
Gram-force is now largely obsolete and replaced by the SI unit newton (N) in scientific and technical contexts. However, it may still be used in some engineering fields, calibration, and for illustrative purposes in educational settings.